Vitis Whitening Toothpaste is with 5 combined actions to ensure better efficacy: Removes and prevents stains � Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Prevents calculus using a triple phosphate system � Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, Sodium tripolyphosphate, Sodium hexametaphosphate. Reinforces enamel � Fluoride, Low abrasity. Polishing action � Perlite. Repairing and whitening action � Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, Natural tooth element that integrates and forms a protective, wash-resistant coating.